班公错

坐标33°44′53.0″N 79°1′14.5″E / 33.748056°N 79.020694°E / 33.748056; 79.020694
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班公错
(班公湖)
位置 中国西藏自治区阿里地区日土县
 印度拉达克中央直辖区列城县
坐标33°44′53.0″N 79°1′14.5″E / 33.748056°N 79.020694°E / 33.748056; 79.020694
湖泊类型双季对流混合型湖泊(东部)
冷单次混合型湖泊(西部)
所在国家中国、印度
最大长度134km
最大宽度5km
表面积600~700km²
表面海拔4250m

班公错拉达克语:Pangong Tso),或称班公湖藏语哥木克哥那喇令错错木昂拉仁波藏文མཚོ་མོ་ངང་ལྷ་རིང་པོ།威利mtsho mo ngang lha ring poTHLTsomo Nganglha Ringpo),清朝译潘光湖,是青藏高原西部的一座湖泊,位于西藏克什米尔之间,印度声称对该地区“拥有主权”。

地理

班公错属构造性湖泊,东西狭长,约延伸143公里,南北最宽处5公里,总面积604平方公里。该湖湖面平均海拔4241米,属内流湖,流域面积28714平方公里。由三个狭长形小湖组成,其间有沟通水道。湖最深处约57米。湖水清澈,透明度3至4米。每年结冰期6个月。该湖东部水质为淡水,西部为咸水。湖中盛产裂腹鱼[1][2]

名称

历史上,该湖被视为五个由河道链接的小湖泊,班公错这个名字只指最西边一半在印度的其五之一。 从西向东这些湖泊的名称分别为:[3][4][5]Pangong Tso(班公错)、Tso NyakRum Tso双湖(胡惟德译:杂尔木湖[5])、Nyak Tso(胡惟德译:诺和湖[5])。整个湖群被藏语称为前述的“错木昂拉仁波”。

班公错来自印度的藏人拉达克语[来源请求],意思是“高草原湖”[6]。错木昂拉仁波是藏语,各资料有相异但类似的解释--明媚而狭长的湖[2]、长脖天鹅湖[7]、长颈仙鹤湖[1]

班公错清朝译潘光湖,错木昂拉仁波清朝译索莫南列伊尔湖[8]

图集

班公错

参见

参考资料

  1. 1.0 1.1 安才旦. 西藏旅游. 五洲传播出版社. 2002: 24. ISBN 978-7-80113-915-3. 藏语称其为“措木昂拉仁波错” ,意为“长颈仙鹤湖”。 
  2. 2.0 2.1 黄子燕. 中外旅遊休閒自然地理. 崧烨文化事业有限公司. 2018-05-01: 136. ISBN 978-957-563-112-3. 位于中国和喀什米尔边境的班公错,藏语意为“明媚而狭长的湖” 
  3. 斯文·赫定. Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899-1902: Central and West Tibet. Lithographic institute of the General staff of the Swedish army. 1907: 521. From Noh to Bal Rawling followed the same route that I did along the northern shore of the Tso-ngombo, which he calls the Tso Mo Gualari, dividing it into the sections ›Tso Nyak, the twin lakes Rum Tso and Nyak Tso.› He says that it consists of a string of five lakes 120 m. in length, the four most southern of which are fresh, and Pangong, the most northerly, salt. They are joined together by channels about 60 feet in width and 15 feet deep, the current running at nearly 1½ mile an hour. 
  4. Routes in Asia: Routes in the territories of the Maharaja of Jummoo and Kashmir, and adjacent countries. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1878: 31–33. Only the lower lake (the Pangong Tso proper) lies in Ladak, the middle (Tso Nyak) and upper lakes being in Rudok territory. ... The waters of the western end are much more salt than those of the eastern end near Ot. in the stream connecting the Pangong Tso with Nyak Tso the water becomes drinkable, and rich grass is found on the banks. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 胡惟德. 西藏全圖. 国会图书馆 (美国). 1904 [2020-01-19]. 
  6. Pangong Lake. 拉达克政府. 2019-10-29 [2020-01-09]. Pangong Lake, one of the most famous lakes in Leh Ladakh, derives its name from the Tibetan word, “Pangong Tso”, which means “high grassland lake”. 
  7. 行走的尼尔. 西藏有处奇特圣湖,一面属中国干净碧绿,一面属印度连鱼也不生长. 新浪网. 2019-10-05 [2020-01-19]. 藏语的名字是“措木昂拉仁波错”,它的意思是“长脖子天鹅” 
  8. 洪钧. 中俄交界全图. 国会图书馆 (美国). 1890 [2020-01-19]. 
  1. 王明达, 侯居峙, 类延斌. 青藏高原不同类型湖泊温度季节性变化及其分类. 科学通报, 2014, 59(31): 3095-3103
  2. Bhat, F., et al., Ecology and biodiversity in Pangong Tso (lake) and its inlet stream in Ladakh, India. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 2011. 3(10): p. 501-511