失认症

求闻百科,共笔求闻
失认症
失认症导致患者对感觉刺激缺乏认识能力
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经内科
ICD-10F80.2 , F88.0 and R48.1
ICD-9-CM784.69
eMedicineagnosia/
MeSHD000377

失认症(英语:agnosia)是指由大脑受损而导致的认知障碍。患者在意识正常、无感觉障碍的情况下,对传入的感觉刺激缺乏认识能力,包括物体失认、相貌失认、听觉失认等。[1]须注意的是,此种辨识障碍并非因感觉缺失(如视野缺损,半侧无知觉)、智力退化、意识或注意力的异常,对该物体不熟悉而引起。而失认症通常只会在某项感觉模式缺损,因此无法透过一种感觉途径(如视觉)辨识出的物体,可以透过另一种感觉途径(如触觉)来辨识。[2]

类型

  • 运动失认(akinetopsia)[3]
  • 病感失认(anosognosia)
  • 统觉性视觉失认(apperceptive visual agnosia)[4]
  • 联想性视觉失认(associative visual agnosia)
  • 立体觉失认(astereognosis)
  • 听觉失认(auditory agnosia)[5]
  • 言语失认(auditory verbal agnosia)
  • 自体失认(autotopagnosia)
  • 皮质性色盲(cerebral achromatopsia)[6][7]
  • 皮性质聋(cortical deafness)
  • 环境失认(environmental agnosia)[8]
  • 手指失认(finger agnosia)
  • 形状失认(form agnosia)
  • 联合性失认(integrative agnosia)
  • 痛觉失认(pain agnosia)
  • 噪音失认(phonagnosia)[9]
  • 脸盲(prosopagnosia)
  • 纯失读(pure alexia)[8]
  • 语义失认(semantic agnosia)[10]
  • 社会情绪失认(social-emotional agnosia)
  • 画片中动作失认(simultanagnosia)[11]
  • 触觉失认(tactile agnosia)[12]
  • 时间失认(time agnosia)
  • 地形定向障碍(topographical disorientation)[13]
  • 视空间认知障碍(visuospatial dysgnosia)
  • 视觉失认(visual agnosia)[14]

参考文献

  1. AGNOSIA. [2015-09-02]. 
  2. 陈雅资 译. 後天性言語和语言障礙. 台北: 合计图书出版社. ISBN 978-986-126-983-2. 
  3. Zeki, S. Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness). Brain. 1991, 114: 811–824. PMID 2043951. doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.811. 
  4. Riddoch MJ, Humphreys GW. Visual agnosia. Neurol Clin. 2003-05, 21 (2): 501–20. PMID 12916489. doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(02)00095-6. 
  5. Vignolo, L. A. Auditory Agnosia. Biological Sciences. 1982, 298 (1089): 49–57. PMID 6125975. doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0071. 
  6. Cowey A, Alexander I, Heywood C, Kentridge R. Pupillary responses to coloured and contourless displays in total cerebral achromatopsia. Brain. 2008-08, 131 (Pt 8): 2153–60. PMID 18550620. doi:10.1093/brain/awn110. 
  7. Woodward, T. S; M. J Dixon; K. T Mullen; K. M Christensen; D. N. Bub. Analysis of errors in color agnosia: A single case study. Neurocase. 1999, 5: 95–108. doi:10.1093/neucas/5.2.95. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 Burns, MS. Clinical management of agnosia. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004, 11 (1): 1–9 [2015-09-02]. PMID 14872395. doi:10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV. 
  9. Van Lancker DR, Cummings JL, Kreiman J, Dobkin BH. Phonagnosia: a dissociation between familiar and unfamiliar voices. Cortex. 1988-06, 24 (2): 195–209. PMID 3416603. doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(88)80029-7. 
  10. Magnié MN, Ferreira CT, Giusiano B, Poncet M. Category specificity in object agnosia: preservation of sensorimotor experiences related to objects. Neuropsychologia. 1999-01, 37 (1): 67–74 [2015-09-02]. PMID 9920472. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00045-1. 
  11. Coslett HB, Saffran E. Simultanagnosia. To see but not two see. Brain. 1991-08, 114 (4): 1523–45. PMID 1884165. doi:10.1093/brain/114.4.1523. 
  12. Reed CL, Caselli RJ, Farah MJ. Tactile agnosia. Underlying impairment and implications for normal tactile object recognition. Brain. 1996-06, 119 (3): 875–88. PMID 8673499. doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.875. 
  13. Mendez, Mario F; Cherrier, Monique M. Agnosia for scenes in topographagnosia. Neuropsychologia: 1387–1395. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00041-1. 
  14. Greene JD. Apraxia, agnosias, and higher visual function abnormalities. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 2005-12, 76 (Suppl 5): v25–34. PMC 1765708可免费查阅. PMID 16291919. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.081885. 

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