失认症 | |
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失认症导致患者对感觉刺激缺乏认识能力 | |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 神经内科 |
ICD-10 | F80.2 , F88.0 and R48.1 |
ICD-9-CM | 784.69 |
eMedicine | agnosia/ |
MeSH | D000377 |
失认症(英语:agnosia)是指由大脑受损而导致的认知障碍。患者在意识正常、无感觉障碍的情况下,对传入的感觉刺激缺乏认识能力,包括物体失认、相貌失认、听觉失认等。[1]须注意的是,此种辨识障碍并非因感觉缺失(如视野缺损,半侧无知觉)、智力退化、意识或注意力的异常,对该物体不熟悉而引起。而失认症通常只会在某项感觉模式缺损,因此无法透过一种感觉途径(如视觉)辨识出的物体,可以透过另一种感觉途径(如触觉)来辨识。[2]
类型
- 运动失认(akinetopsia)[3]
- 病感失认(anosognosia)
- 统觉性视觉失认(apperceptive visual agnosia)[4]
- 联想性视觉失认(associative visual agnosia)
- 立体觉失认(astereognosis)
- 听觉失认(auditory agnosia)[5]
- 言语失认(auditory verbal agnosia)
- 自体失认(autotopagnosia)
- 皮质性色盲(cerebral achromatopsia)[6][7]
- 皮性质聋(cortical deafness)
- 环境失认(environmental agnosia)[8]
- 手指失认(finger agnosia)
- 形状失认(form agnosia)
- 联合性失认(integrative agnosia)
- 痛觉失认(pain agnosia)
- 噪音失认(phonagnosia)[9]
- 脸盲(prosopagnosia)
- 纯失读(pure alexia)[8]
- 语义失认(semantic agnosia)[10]
- 社会情绪失认(social-emotional agnosia)
- 画片中动作失认(simultanagnosia)[11]
- 触觉失认(tactile agnosia)[12]
- 时间失认(time agnosia)
- 地形定向障碍(topographical disorientation)[13]
- 视空间认知障碍(visuospatial dysgnosia)
- 视觉失认(visual agnosia)[14]
参考文献
- ↑ AGNOSIA. [2015-09-02].
- ↑ 陈雅资 译. 後天性言語和语言障礙. 台北: 合计图书出版社. ISBN 978-986-126-983-2.
- ↑ Zeki, S. Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness). Brain. 1991, 114: 811–824. PMID 2043951. doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.811.
- ↑ Riddoch MJ, Humphreys GW. Visual agnosia. Neurol Clin. 2003-05, 21 (2): 501–20. PMID 12916489. doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(02)00095-6.
- ↑ Vignolo, L. A. Auditory Agnosia. Biological Sciences. 1982, 298 (1089): 49–57. PMID 6125975. doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0071.
- ↑ Cowey A, Alexander I, Heywood C, Kentridge R. Pupillary responses to coloured and contourless displays in total cerebral achromatopsia. Brain. 2008-08, 131 (Pt 8): 2153–60. PMID 18550620. doi:10.1093/brain/awn110.
- ↑ Woodward, T. S; M. J Dixon; K. T Mullen; K. M Christensen; D. N. Bub. Analysis of errors in color agnosia: A single case study. Neurocase. 1999, 5: 95–108. doi:10.1093/neucas/5.2.95.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Burns, MS. Clinical management of agnosia. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004, 11 (1): 1–9 [2015-09-02]. PMID 14872395. doi:10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV.
- ↑ Van Lancker DR, Cummings JL, Kreiman J, Dobkin BH. Phonagnosia: a dissociation between familiar and unfamiliar voices. Cortex. 1988-06, 24 (2): 195–209. PMID 3416603. doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(88)80029-7.
- ↑ Magnié MN, Ferreira CT, Giusiano B, Poncet M. Category specificity in object agnosia: preservation of sensorimotor experiences related to objects. Neuropsychologia. 1999-01, 37 (1): 67–74 [2015-09-02]. PMID 9920472. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00045-1.
- ↑ Coslett HB, Saffran E. Simultanagnosia. To see but not two see. Brain. 1991-08, 114 (4): 1523–45. PMID 1884165. doi:10.1093/brain/114.4.1523.
- ↑ Reed CL, Caselli RJ, Farah MJ. Tactile agnosia. Underlying impairment and implications for normal tactile object recognition. Brain. 1996-06, 119 (3): 875–88. PMID 8673499. doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.875.
- ↑ Mendez, Mario F; Cherrier, Monique M. Agnosia for scenes in topographagnosia. Neuropsychologia: 1387–1395. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00041-1.
- ↑ Greene JD. Apraxia, agnosias, and higher visual function abnormalities. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 2005-12, 76 (Suppl 5): v25–34. PMC 1765708 . PMID 16291919. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.081885.
外部链接
- Types and brain areas
- Total Recall: Memory Requires More than the Sum of Its Parts Scientific American (accessdate 2007-06-05)