核事故

求闻百科,共笔求闻

依照国际原子能机构IAEA)的标准,核事故是指对人、环境或设备造成严重后果的事件。核事故导致的后果有致死的影响、对自然环境造成的大量辐射泄漏炉心熔毁等。[1]“重大核事故”,比如1986年的切尔诺贝利核事故及2011年的福岛第一核电站事故,则通常指堆芯损坏,大量放射性材料泄漏的事故。[2]

核子动力潜艇事故包括K-19(1961),K-19(1961),K-11(1965),K-27(1968),K-140(1968),K-429(1970),K-222(1980)和 K-431(1985)[3][4]。严重的辐射事件/事故包括克什特姆核废料爆炸事故温斯乔火灾,哥斯达黎加的放射性事故[5],萨拉戈萨的放射性事故[6],摩洛哥的辐射事故[7]戈亚尼亚事故,[8],墨西哥城的辐射事故, 泰国的放射治疗单位事故[9],以及印度的Mayapuri放射性事故[9]

国际原子能机构设有一个网站报道最近的事故[10]

参阅

  • 核安全
  • 【映像资料】东京电力福岛第一原子力发电所における3号机原子炉建屋内调查の映像 - on Nuclear Regulation Authority Official YouTube channel‘NRAJapan’

参考资料

  1. Staff, IAEA, AEN/NEA. International Nuclear and Radiological Events Scale Users' Manual, 2008 Edition (PDF). Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency. : 184 [2010-07-26]. 
  2. Yablokov, Alexey V.; Nesterenko, Vassily B.; Nesterenko, Alexey; Sherman-Nevinger, consulting editor, Jannette D. Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and the Environment. Boston, MA: Blackwell Publishing for the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009. ISBN 978-1-57331-757-3. 
  3. The Worst Nuclear Disasters. TIME.com. 25 March 2009. 
  4. Johnston, Robert. Deadliest radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties. Database of Radiological Incidents and Related Events. September 23, 2007. 
  5. Gusev, Igor; Guskova, Angelina; Mettler, Fred A. Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, Second Edition. CRC Press. 2001-03-28. ISBN 9781420037197 (英语). 
  6. Strengthening the Safety of Radiation Sources p. 15.
  7. NRC: Information Notice No. 85-57: Lost Iridium-192 Source Resulting in the Death of Eight Persons in Morocco. 
  8. The Radiological Accident in Goiania p. 2.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Pallava Bagla. "Radiation Accident a 'Wake-Up Call' For India's Scientific Community" Science, Vol. 328, 7 May 2010, p. 679.
  10. IAEA Scientific and Technical Publications of Special Interest. www-pub.iaea.org. [2016-04-07].