额我略圣咏（拉丁语：Cantus Gregorianus）[注 1]是西方基督教单声圣歌的主要传统，是一种单声部、无伴奏的天主教会宗教音乐。额我略圣咏主要是在第8世纪和第9世纪，法兰克人到达西欧和中欧期间发展起来，后来继续有所增加和编写。通常人们认为是教宗额我略一世发明了额我略圣咏，但学者们认为是在后来的加洛林王朝时期，综合了罗马圣咏和高卢圣咏而形成。
额我略圣咏共有8种调式。传统上，额我略圣咏由男人或男孩组成的唱诗班在教堂中演唱。
历史
早期单声圣歌的发展
在天主教会最初的时期，无伴奏的歌唱就已经是天主教礼仪的一部分。直到1990年代中期，古犹太圣咏对早期基督教仪式和圣诗的影响得到广泛公认。但这一观点已不被学者接受，因为分析显示大部分早期基督教圣诗并没有歌本，而这些圣诗在公元70年第二圣殿被毁后，已经有数百年未在犹太会堂中演唱了[1]。不过，早期基督宗教仪式却是融合了犹太仪式的元素，保存在后来的圣咏传统中。祈祷时刻来源于犹太的祷告时间，“阿们”和“阿肋路亚”都来自于希伯来语[2]。
《新约圣经》中提到，在最后晚餐中唱了圣诗：“他们唱了诗，就出来往橄榄山去。”[3]。
注释
- ↑ 又译为额我略圣咏、额我略平咏、格里高利圣咏、格列高利圣咏、格雷戈里圣咏、葛利果圣歌、贵格利圣歌、贵格利圣咏等
参考文献
引用
来源
- Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 978-2-85274-094-5
- Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
- Apel, Willi. Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.
- Crocker, Richard. The Early Medieval Sequence. University of California Press. 1977. ISBN 0-520-02847-3.
- Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37–54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-02807-2
- Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-816572-2.
- Hoppin, Richard, ed. Anthology of Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09080-9.
- Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6.
- Le Mee, Catherine. Chant: The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant. Harmony. 1994. ISBN 0-517-70037-9.
- Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1–22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33752-8
- McKinnon, James (编). Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. 1990. ISBN 0-13-036153-4.
- Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1996. ISBN 1-55553-240-3.
- Parrish, Carl. A Treasury of Early Music. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. 1986. ISBN 0-486-41088-9.
- Robinson, Ray (编). Choral Music. W.W. Norton & Co. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09062-0.
- Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
- Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. 1990. ISBN 0-02-872951-X.
外部链接
- Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access)
- sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1]
- H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2]
- Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access)
- David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access)
- Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access)
- William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5–14 online at MusicaSacra.com
- James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access)
- Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at https://web.archive.org/web/20060616141014/http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
- Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com
- Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp//
参见
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| 固定弥撒 | 垂怜经 | 光荣颂 | 信经 | 圣哉经 (圣颂) | 赞颂词 | 信德的奥迹 | 羔羊颂 | 你们解散去 或 让我们祝福主 |
| 常用弥撒 | 宣 (进堂诗) | 昇阶圣诗 | 阿肋路亚颂 或 连唱曲 | 继抒咏 | 献礼颂 | 领主曲 |
| 主咏 | 祝文 | 书信经课 | 福音经课 | Secret | Preface | Canon | Postcommunion |