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| 癫痫发作 Epileptic seizure | |
|---|---|
| 同义词 | Epileptic fit, seizure, fit |
 | |
| Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG | |
| 分类和外部资源 | |
| 医学专科 | 神经内科 |
癫痫发作（epileptic seizure 或epileptic fit，有时在文献或新闻简称 seizure 或fit） 是由于大脑中神经元活动异常过度或同步导致的症状[1][2]。 这种脑内异常的外溢效应（outward effect）可以是无法自行控制的混乱运动；也可以是短暂的失去意识。只要是有任何能引起癫痫发作（epileptic seizures）的脑部疾病，统称为癫痫（epilepsy）。[1][3]
癫痫发作可能发生在没有癫痫历史的人身上。危险因子包括：脑部受创（brain trauma）、滥用药物[4]、过高体温、低血糖 和缺氧。另外有一些看起来像癫痫发作的症状，但实际上并非真的癫痫发作。
首次出现的癫痫发作通常不需要长时间服用抗癫痫药，除非出现特定问题或要照脑电图或脑部造影（brain imaging）[5]。
所有活到80岁的人之中大约5~10%，在其人生中至少遇过一次癫痫发作，遇到第二次癫痫发作的机率介于40~50%之间。 [5][6]
征状和症状
参见：癫痫类型
癫痫发作的征状和症状依照其类型而定[7]。 最常见的癫痫发作是惊厥 (60%)[8]。
备注
参考资料
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005, 46 (4): 470–2. PMID 15816939. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x （英语）.
- ↑ Fisher, RS; Acevedo, C; Arzimanoglou, A; Bogacz, A; Cross, JH; Elger, CE; Engel J, Jr; Forsgren, L; French, JA; Glynn, M; Hesdorffer, DC; Lee, BI; Mathern, GW; Moshé, SL; Perucca, E; Scheffer, IE; Tomson, T; Watanabe, M; Wiebe, S. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy.. Epilepsia. 2014-04, 55 (4): 475–82. PMID 24730690. S2CID 35958237. doi:10.1111/epi.12550
.
- ↑ Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE, Engel J, Forsgren L, French JA, Glynn M, Hesdorffer DC, Lee BI, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Scheffer IE, Tomson T, Watanabe M, Wiebe S. ILAE Official Report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy.. Epilepsia. Apr 2014, 55 (4): 475–82. PMID 24730690. doi:10.1111/epi.12550.
- ↑ Revesz, Rachael. Pet dog 'ate crack' then killed owner in front of BBC crew filming drug documentary: Major was found to be eight times over the drug drive limit. 独立报. 2017-09-12 [2017-11-19] （英语）.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wilden, JA; Cohen-Gadol, AA. Evaluation of first nonfebrile seizures.. American family physician. Aug 15, 2012, 86 (4): 334–40. PMID 22963022.
- ↑ Berg, AT. Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 2008,. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8. PMID 18184149. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x.
- ↑ Shearer, Peter. Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Practice.
- ↑ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chapter 1: Introduction. The Epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care (PDF). National Clinical Guideline Centre. 2012-01: 21–28.