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| 癲癇發作 Epileptic seizure | |
|---|---|
| 同義詞 | Epileptic fit, seizure, fit |
 | |
| Generalized 3 Hz spike and wave discharges in EEG | |
| 分類和外部資源 | |
| 醫學專科 | 神經內科 |
癲癇發作（epileptic seizure 或epileptic fit，有時在文獻或新聞簡稱 seizure 或fit） 是由於大腦中神經元活動異常過度或同步導致的症狀[1][2]。 這種腦內異常的外溢效應（outward effect）可以是無法自行控制的混亂運動；也可以是短暫的失去意識。只要是有任何能引起癲癇發作（epileptic seizures）的腦部疾病，統稱為癲癇（epilepsy）。[1][3]
癲癇發作可能發生在沒有癲癇歷史的人身上。危險因子包括：腦部受創（brain trauma）、濫用藥物[4]、過高體溫、低血糖 和缺氧。另外有一些看起來像癲癇發作的症狀，但實際上並非真的癲癇發作。
首次出現的癲癇發作通常不需要長時間服用抗癲癇藥，除非出現特定問題或要照腦電圖或腦部造影（brain imaging）[5]。
所有活到80歲的人之中大約5~10%，在其人生中至少遇過一次癲癇發作，遇到第二次癲癇發作的機率介於40~50%之間。 [5][6]
征狀和症狀
參見：癲癇類型
癲癇發作的征狀和症狀依照其類型而定[7]。 最常見的癲癇發作是驚厥 (60%)[8]。
備註
參考資料
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, Engel J. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005, 46 (4): 470–2. PMID 15816939. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x （英語）.
- ↑ Fisher, RS; Acevedo, C; Arzimanoglou, A; Bogacz, A; Cross, JH; Elger, CE; Engel J, Jr; Forsgren, L; French, JA; Glynn, M; Hesdorffer, DC; Lee, BI; Mathern, GW; Moshé, SL; Perucca, E; Scheffer, IE; Tomson, T; Watanabe, M; Wiebe, S. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy.. Epilepsia. 2014-04, 55 (4): 475–82. PMID 24730690. S2CID 35958237. doi:10.1111/epi.12550
.
- ↑ Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, Bogacz A, Cross JH, Elger CE, Engel J, Forsgren L, French JA, Glynn M, Hesdorffer DC, Lee BI, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Perucca E, Scheffer IE, Tomson T, Watanabe M, Wiebe S. ILAE Official Report: A practical clinical definition of epilepsy.. Epilepsia. Apr 2014, 55 (4): 475–82. PMID 24730690. doi:10.1111/epi.12550.
- ↑ Revesz, Rachael. Pet dog 'ate crack' then killed owner in front of BBC crew filming drug documentary: Major was found to be eight times over the drug drive limit. 獨立報. 2017-09-12 [2017-11-19] （英語）.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wilden, JA; Cohen-Gadol, AA. Evaluation of first nonfebrile seizures.. American family physician. Aug 15, 2012, 86 (4): 334–40. PMID 22963022.
- ↑ Berg, AT. Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 2008,. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8. PMID 18184149. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x.
- ↑ Shearer, Peter. Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Practice.
- ↑ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chapter 1: Introduction. The Epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care (PDF). National Clinical Guideline Centre. 2012-01: 21–28.